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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of DataNucleus with Derby embedded vs OpenJPA with Derby server

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus Derby embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus Derby embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus Derby embedded	OpenJPA Derby server
Basic Person Test	4.6	3.1	2.8	2.7	3.7	2.9
Element Collection Test	2.4	2.0	1.6	1.7	2.0	1.8
Inheritance Test	4.6	3.0	2.7	2.3	3.7	2.6
Indexing Test	7.6	4.7	4.8	4.1	6.2	4.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.6	0.71	1.4	0.64	1.5	0.67
Multithreading Test	8.6	6.0	3.3	3.8	5.9	4.9
All Tests	4.9	3.3	2.8	2.5	3.8	2.9

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with Derby embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby server in persisting JPA entity objects to the database.

A large performance gap has been detected when using graphs of objects with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (0.71) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby embedded database (1.6) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with Derby embedded is 2.3 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus Derby embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus Derby embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus Derby embedded	OpenJPA Derby server
Basic Person Test	6.8	0.78	14.9	11.6	10.9	6.2
Element Collection Test	5.4	0.0024	7.6	1.1	6.5	0.54
Inheritance Test	8.8	0.014	14.8	5.0	11.8	2.5
Indexing Test	9.2	0.62	14.1	13.0	11.6	6.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	9.9	0.065	15.8	0.39	12.9	0.23
Multithreading Test	11.9	1.6	11.5	19.0	11.7	10.3
All Tests	8.7	0.51	13.1	8.4	10.9	4.4

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with Derby embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby server in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (4.4) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby embedded database (10.9) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with Derby embedded is 2.5 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (0.0024) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby embedded database (5.4) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with Derby embedded is 2,250 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus Derby embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus Derby embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus Derby embedded	OpenJPA Derby server
Basic Person Test	39.1	29.2	7.5	5.5	23.3	17.3
Element Collection Test	46.0	2.2	6.7	1.4	26.3	1.8
Inheritance Test	7.7	2.2	3.8	1.0	5.7	1.6
Indexing Test	0.053	2.2	8.0	11.7	4.0	7.0
Multithreading Test	failed	35.5	failed	8.3	failed	21.9
All Tests	23.2	14.3	6.5	5.6	14.8	9.9

DataNucleus with Derby embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with Derby embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby server in executing the tested JPA queries.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (2.2) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby embedded database (46.0) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with Derby embedded is 20.9 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

On the other hand, DataNucleus with Derby embedded is slower, for instance, when using database indexes with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby embedded database (0.053) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (2.2) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with Derby embedded is 41.5 times slower than OpenJPA with Derby server.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus Derby embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus Derby embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus Derby embedded	OpenJPA Derby server
Basic Person Test	4.0	1.5	3.8	4.0	3.9	2.8
Element Collection Test	3.7	0.0081	4.5	1.9	4.1	0.94
Inheritance Test	4.4	0.043	4.8	3.8	4.6	1.9
Indexing Test	5.2	1.8	4.2	6.8	4.7	4.3
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	2.7	0.16	1.5	0.27	2.1	0.22
Multithreading Test	failed	6.9	failed	5.0	failed	5.9
All Tests	4.0	1.7	3.7	3.6	3.9	2.7

DataNucleus with Derby embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with Derby embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby server in updating JPA entity objects in the database.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (0.0081) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby embedded database (3.7) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with Derby embedded is 457 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus Derby embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus Derby embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus Derby embedded	OpenJPA Derby server
Basic Person Test	3.5	1.4	1.3	3.7	2.4	2.5
Element Collection Test	1.9	0.0082	1.6	1.4	1.7	0.71
Inheritance Test	2.4	0.035	1.3	2.5	1.9	1.3
Indexing Test	6.6	2.3	1.9	3.5	4.3	2.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.81	0.13	0.93	0.35	0.87	0.24
Multithreading Test	failed	3.6	failed	4.0	failed	3.8
All Tests	3.0	1.3	1.4	2.6	2.2	1.9

DataNucleus with Derby embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with Derby embedded is slightly more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby server in deleting JPA entity objects from the database.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (0.0082) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby embedded database (1.9) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with Derby embedded is 232 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

On the other hand, DataNucleus with Derby embedded is slower, for instance, when using simple basic entities with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby embedded database (1.3) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (3.7) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with Derby embedded is 2.8 times slower than OpenJPA with Derby server.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus Derby embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus Derby embedded	OpenJPA Derby server	DataNucleus Derby embedded	OpenJPA Derby server
Basic Person Test	11.6	7.2	6.1	5.5	8.8	6.4
Element Collection Test	11.9	0.84	4.4	1.5	8.1	1.2
Inheritance Test	5.6	1.1	5.5	2.9	5.5	2.0
Indexing Test	5.7	2.3	6.6	7.8	6.2	5.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.7	0.27	4.9	0.41	4.3	0.34
Multithreading Test	10.3	10.7	7.4	8.0	8.8	9.4
All Tests	8.0	3.9	5.7	4.5	6.9	4.2

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with Derby embedded is more efficient than OpenJPA with Derby server in performing JPA database operations.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with Derby database server (0.84) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby embedded database (11.9) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with Derby embedded is 14.2 times faster than OpenJPA with Derby server.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

JPA Performance Benchmark - Copyright © 2010, 2011, 2012 ObjectDB Software Ltd. - All rights reserved.
The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.