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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of DataNucleus with Derby embedded vs Hibernate with SQLite embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	4.6	0.083	2.8	1.0	3.7	0.55
Element Collection Test	2.4	0.067	1.6	0.69	2.0	0.38
Inheritance Test	4.6	0.080	2.7	0.99	3.7	0.54
Indexing Test	7.6	0.098	4.8	1.0	6.2	0.55
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.6	0.27	1.4	0.96	1.5	0.61
Multithreading Test	8.6	failed	3.3	failed	5.9	failed
All Tests	4.9	0.12	2.8	0.93	3.8	0.53

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with Derby embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.53) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby embedded database (3.8) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with Derby embedded is 7.2 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.098) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby embedded database (7.6) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with Derby embedded is 77.6 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	6.8	1.8	14.9	1.3	10.9	1.5
Element Collection Test	5.4	0.0008	7.6	failed	6.5	0.0008
Inheritance Test	8.8	2.4	14.8	1.4	11.8	1.9
Indexing Test	9.2	1.9	14.1	2.3	11.6	2.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	9.9	0.56	15.8	0.88	12.9	0.72
Multithreading Test	11.9	failed	11.5	failed	11.7	failed
All Tests	8.7	1.3	13.1	1.5	10.9	1.4

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with Derby embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (1.4) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby embedded database (10.9) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with Derby embedded is 7.8 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0008) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby embedded database (5.4) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with Derby embedded is 6,750 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	39.1	1.1	7.5	0.22	23.3	0.65
Element Collection Test	46.0	0.39	6.7	failed	26.3	0.39
Inheritance Test	7.7	0.53	3.8	0.28	5.7	0.40
Indexing Test	0.053	0.0011	8.0	0.43	4.0	0.21
Multithreading Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
All Tests	23.2	0.50	6.5	0.31	14.8	0.42

DataNucleus with Derby embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions). Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with Derby embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in executing the tested JPA queries. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.42) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby embedded database (14.8) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with Derby embedded is 35.2 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.39) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby embedded database (46.0) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with Derby embedded is 118 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	4.0	0.076	3.8	0.65	3.9	0.37
Element Collection Test	3.7	0.0022	4.5	failed	4.1	0.0022
Inheritance Test	4.4	0.079	4.8	0.97	4.6	0.53
Indexing Test	5.2	0.057	4.2	0.54	4.7	0.30
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	2.7	0.26	1.5	0.42	2.1	0.34
Multithreading Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
All Tests	4.0	0.094	3.7	0.65	3.9	0.34

DataNucleus with Derby embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions). Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with Derby embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.34) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby embedded database (3.9) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with Derby embedded is 11.5 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0022) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby embedded database (3.7) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with Derby embedded is 1,682 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	3.5	0.061	1.3	0.91	2.4	0.49
Element Collection Test	1.9	0.0007	1.6	failed	1.7	0.0007
Inheritance Test	2.4	0.058	1.3	0.90	1.9	0.48
Indexing Test	6.6	0.079	1.9	0.54	4.3	0.31
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.81	0.24	0.93	0.80	0.87	0.52
Multithreading Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
All Tests	3.0	0.088	1.4	0.79	2.2	0.40

DataNucleus with Derby embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions). Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 3 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with Derby embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.40) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby embedded database (2.2) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with Derby embedded is 5.5 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.0007) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby embedded database (1.9) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with Derby embedded is 2,714 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Comparison of database storage efficiency (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	53.3	90.2	53.3	90.2	53.3	90.2
Element Collection Test	42.6	82.0	42.6	82.0	42.6	82.0
Inheritance Test	48.1	80.5	48.1	80.5	48.1	80.5
Indexing Test	62.3	93.4	63.3	94.8	62.8	94.1
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	13.6	67.9	10.2	50.9	11.9	59.4
Multithreading Test	52.0	failed	8.0	failed	30.0	failed
All Tests	45.3	82.8	37.6	79.7	41.5	81.2

Hibernate with SQLite embedded has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with SQLite embedded is more efficient than DataNucleus with Derby embedded in using disk space.

A large gap has been detected when using graphs of objects with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized score of DataNucleus with Derby embedded database (13.6) to the normalized score of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (67.9) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with SQLite embedded is 5.0 times more efficient than DataNucleus with Derby embedded.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded	DataNucleus Derby embedded	Hibernate SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	11.6	0.63	6.1	0.81	8.8	0.72
Element Collection Test	11.9	0.092	4.4	0.69	8.1	0.19
Inheritance Test	5.6	0.63	5.5	0.91	5.5	0.77
Indexing Test	5.7	0.42	6.6	0.96	6.2	0.69
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.7	0.33	4.9	0.77	4.3	0.55
Multithreading Test	10.3	failed	7.4	failed	8.8	failed
All Tests	8.0	0.42	5.7	0.86	6.9	0.62

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with Derby embedded is much more efficient than Hibernate with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.62) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby embedded database (6.9) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with Derby embedded is 11.1 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with SQLite embedded database (0.092) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with Derby embedded database (11.9) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with Derby embedded is 129 times faster than Hibernate with SQLite embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

JPA Performance Benchmark - Copyright © 2010, 2011, 2012 ObjectDB Software Ltd. - All rights reserved.
The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.