Comparison of DataNucleus with H2 server vs DataNucleus with SQLite embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus H2 server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	8.5		15.5		12.0
Element Collection Test	5.1		4.1		4.6
Inheritance Test	6.9		15.0		11.0
Indexing Test	9.2		17.3		13.3
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.2		5.0		4.1
Multithreading Test	6.9		0.0000		3.5
All Tests	6.6		9.5		8.1

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus H2 server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	0.58	0.43	6.4		3.5	0.43
Element Collection Test	0.39		0.26		0.33
Inheritance Test	0.53		4.0		2.3
Indexing Test	0.76		6.5		3.6
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.6		3.0		2.3
Multithreading Test	0.85		5.2		3.0
All Tests	0.79	0.43	4.2		2.5	0.43

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 server is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.43) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 database server (2.5) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 server is 5.8 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus H2 server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	0.20	failed	0.78		0.49	failed
Element Collection Test	0.29		1.2		0.74
Inheritance Test	0.18		1.0		0.60
Indexing Test	0.16		0.76		0.46
Multithreading Test	0.62		failed		0.62
All Tests	0.29	failed	0.93		0.58	failed

DataNucleus with H2 server has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions). DataNucleus with SQLite embedded has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus H2 server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	1.5	0.025	1.1		1.3	0.025
Element Collection Test	1.4		1.3		1.3
Inheritance Test	1.7		1.5		1.6
Indexing Test	4.0		1.4		2.7
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.92		0.62		0.77
Multithreading Test	failed		failed		failed
All Tests	1.9	0.025	1.2		1.5	0.025

DataNucleus with H2 server has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 server is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.025) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 database server (1.5) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 server is 60.0 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.025) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 database server (1.5) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with H2 server is 60.0 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus H2 server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	1.8	0.17	0.81		1.3	0.17
Element Collection Test	2.7		0.25		1.5
Inheritance Test	2.1		0.59		1.3
Indexing Test	3.4		0.57		2.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	8.0		12.1		10.1
Multithreading Test	failed		0.0000		0.0000
All Tests	3.6	0.17	2.4		2.9	0.17

DataNucleus with H2 server has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 server is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.17) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 database server (2.9) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 server is 17.1 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.17) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 database server (1.8) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with H2 server is 10.6 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus H2 server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded	DataNucleus H2 server	DataNucleus SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test	2.5	0.21	4.9		3.7	0.21
Element Collection Test	2.0		1.4		1.7
Inheritance Test	2.3		4.4		3.4
Indexing Test	3.5		5.3		4.4
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	3.4		5.2		4.3
Multithreading Test	2.8		1.7		2.3
All Tests	2.7	0.21	3.9		3.3	0.21

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with H2 server is much more efficient than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 database server (3.3) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with H2 server is 15.7 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with SQLite embedded database (0.21) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with H2 database server (2.5) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with H2 server is 11.9 times faster than DataNucleus with SQLite embedded.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)