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JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)

Comparison of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded vs EclipseLink with HSQLDB server

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server
Basic Person Test	0.39	12.2	3.4	20.9	1.9	16.6
Element Collection Test	0.52	11.6	2.7	failed	1.6	11.6
Inheritance Test	0.25	failed	3.9	failed	2.1	failed
Indexing Test	0.56	failed	3.6	failed	2.1	failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
Multithreading Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
All Tests	0.43	11.9	3.4	20.9	1.9	14.9

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions). EclipseLink with HSQLDB server has failed in 9 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server
Basic Person Test	0.28	2.6	4.1	14.6	2.2	8.6
Element Collection Test	0.39	1.4	3.4	failed	1.9	1.4
Inheritance Test	0.44	failed	3.6	failed	2.0	failed
Indexing Test	0.30	failed	5.0	failed	2.7	failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
Multithreading Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
All Tests	0.35	2.0	4.0	14.6	2.2	6.2

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions). EclipseLink with HSQLDB server has failed in 9 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server
Basic Person Test	failed	0.53	failed	3.0	failed	1.8
Element Collection Test	failed	0.98	failed	failed	failed	0.98
Inheritance Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
Indexing Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
Multithreading Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
All Tests	failed	0.75	failed	3.0	failed	1.5

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 10 tests (see exceptions). EclipseLink with HSQLDB server has failed in 7 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server
Basic Person Test	0.046	1.9	0.36	7.5	0.21	4.7
Element Collection Test	0.094	3.1	0.37	failed	0.23	3.1
Inheritance Test	0.040	failed	0.56	failed	0.30	failed
Indexing Test	0.13	failed	0.56	failed	0.35	failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
Multithreading Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
All Tests	0.077	2.5	0.46	7.5	0.27	4.2

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions). EclipseLink with HSQLDB server has failed in 9 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server
Basic Person Test	0.25	9.5	2.8	33.1	1.5	21.3
Element Collection Test	0.34	6.7	0.73	failed	0.54	6.7
Inheritance Test	0.25	failed	1.8	failed	1.0	failed
Indexing Test	0.44	failed	1.7	failed	1.0	failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
Multithreading Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
All Tests	0.32	8.1	1.7	33.1	1.0	16.4

DataNucleus with DB4O embedded has failed in 4 tests (see exceptions). EclipseLink with HSQLDB server has failed in 9 tests (see exceptions).

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server	DataNucleus DB4O embedded	EclipseLink HSQLDB server
Basic Person Test	0.24	5.4	2.7	15.8	1.4	10.6
Element Collection Test	0.34	4.8	1.8	failed	1.1	4.8
Inheritance Test	0.24	failed	2.5	failed	1.4	failed
Indexing Test	0.36	failed	2.7	failed	1.5	failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
Multithreading Test	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed	failed
All Tests	0.29	5.1	2.4	15.8	1.4	8.6

The results above show that in general EclipseLink with HSQLDB server is much more efficient than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (1.4) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB database server (8.6) reveals that in these tests, EclipseLink with HSQLDB server is 6.1 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using simple basic entities with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with DB4O embedded database (0.24) to the normalized speed of EclipseLink with HSQLDB database server (5.4) reveals that in that case, EclipseLink with HSQLDB server is 22.5 times faster than DataNucleus with DB4O embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons

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The benchmark program is released as open source under the GPL license.