Comparison of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server vs OpenJPA with MySQL server

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA MySQL server
Basic Person Test	4.1	3.9	2.6	1.6	3.3	2.7
Element Collection Test	0.91	1.6	0.38	0.68	0.64	1.1
Inheritance Test	3.8	3.6	2.4	1.4	3.1	2.5
Indexing Test	6.0	5.6	6.4	2.4	6.2	4.0
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.91	0.68	0.77	0.57	0.84	0.63
Multithreading Test	18.0	7.2	8.3	2.7	13.1	4.9
All Tests	5.6	3.7	3.5	1.5	4.5	2.6

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is more efficient than OpenJPA with MySQL server in persisting JPA entity objects to the database.

A large performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (2.7) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (8.3) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is 3.1 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA MySQL server
Basic Person Test	1.7	3.2	7.6	22.7	4.6	12.9
Element Collection Test	0.73	0.0038	0.63	2.9	0.68	1.4
Inheritance Test	1.5	0.017	9.3	6.9	5.4	3.4
Indexing Test	1.5	2.4	9.2	23.4	5.3	12.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	2.6	0.27	12.3	0.35	7.4	0.31
Multithreading Test	3.4	0.14	10.8	18.1	7.1	9.1
All Tests	1.9	1.0	8.3	12.4	5.1	6.7

The results above show that in general OpenJPA with MySQL server is more efficient than DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database.

A large performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with large retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (0.63) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (2.9) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with MySQL server is 4.6 times faster than DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server.

On the other hand, OpenJPA with MySQL server is slower, for instance, when using JPA element collections with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (0.0038) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (0.73) reveals that in that case, OpenJPA with MySQL server is 192 times slower than DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA MySQL server
Basic Person Test	49.1	9.3	4.7	2.2	26.9	5.8
Element Collection Test	39.1	4.8	0.48	1.1	19.8	2.9
Inheritance Test	55.9	1.5	6.6	0.90	31.2	1.2
Indexing Test	0.048	0.31	6.4	2.1	3.2	1.2
Multithreading Test	failed	1.9	failed	0.99	failed	1.4
All Tests	36.0	3.6	4.5	1.5	20.3	2.5

DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than OpenJPA with MySQL server in executing the tested JPA queries. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (2.5) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (20.3) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is 8.1 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (1.5) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (55.9) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is 37.3 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

On the other hand, DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using database indexes with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (0.048) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (0.31) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is 6.5 times slower than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA MySQL server
Basic Person Test	2.1	0.74	0.84	1.6	1.5	1.2
Element Collection Test	1.4	0.014	0.64	1.7	1.0	0.87
Inheritance Test	2.1	0.048	1.2	2.0	1.7	1.0
Indexing Test	2.2	0.74	1.5	3.0	1.8	1.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.65	0.45	0.20	0.25	0.42	0.35
Multithreading Test	0.46	0.55	failed	2.9	0.46	1.7
All Tests	1.5	0.42	0.87	1.9	1.2	1.2

DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is equivalent to OpenJPA with MySQL server in updating JPA entity objects in the database.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (0.014) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (1.4) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is 100.0 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

On the other hand, DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using JPA element collections with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (0.64) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (1.7) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is 2.7 times slower than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA MySQL server
Basic Person Test	3.0	0.98	1.3	1.7	2.2	1.4
Element Collection Test	1.0	0.0099	0.39	0.65	0.69	0.33
Inheritance Test	2.8	0.033	1.3	1.5	2.1	0.75
Indexing Test	5.4	0.64	1.9	2.0	3.7	1.3
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.38	0.41	0.37	0.43	0.37	0.42
Multithreading Test	13.8	0.27	failed	2.9	13.8	1.6
All Tests	4.4	0.39	1.1	1.5	2.9	0.96

DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than OpenJPA with MySQL server in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (0.96) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (2.9) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is 3.0 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (0.0099) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (1.0) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is 101 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA MySQL server	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	OpenJPA MySQL server
Basic Person Test	12.0	3.6	3.4	6.0	7.7	4.8
Element Collection Test	8.6	1.3	0.50	1.4	4.6	1.3
Inheritance Test	13.2	1.0	4.2	2.5	8.7	1.8
Indexing Test	3.0	1.9	5.1	6.6	4.0	4.3
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.1	0.45	3.4	0.40	2.3	0.43
Multithreading Test	8.9	2.0	9.5	5.5	9.1	3.8
All Tests	8.0	1.8	3.8	3.9	6.0	2.8

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is more efficient than OpenJPA with MySQL server in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (2.8) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (6.0) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is 2.1 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (1.0) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (13.2) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is 13.2 times faster than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

On the other hand, DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using JPA element collections with large transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (0.50) to the normalized speed of OpenJPA with MySQL database server (1.4) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is 2.8 times slower than OpenJPA with MySQL server.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)