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Comparison of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server vs EclipseLink with SQLite embedded

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>Few EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 DataNucleus
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
DataNucleus
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
DataNucleus
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test4.10.0742.60.903.30.49
Element Collection Test0.910.0610.380.650.640.36
Inheritance Test3.80.0832.40.823.10.45
Indexing Test6.00.116.41.66.20.87
Graph (Binary Tree) Test0.910.240.770.910.840.57
Multithreading Test18.00.108.32.113.11.1
All Tests5.60.113.51.24.50.64

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded in persisting JPA entity objects to the database. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.64) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (4.5) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is 7.0 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.10) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (18.0) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is 180 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>Few EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 DataNucleus
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
DataNucleus
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
DataNucleus
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test1.7failed7.6failed4.6failed
Element Collection Test0.730.00070.63failed0.680.0007
Inheritance Test1.5failed9.3failed5.4failed
Indexing Test1.5failed9.2failed5.3failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test2.6failed12.3failed7.4failed
Multithreading Test3.4failed10.8failed7.1failed
All Tests1.90.00078.3failed5.10.0007

EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>Few EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 DataNucleus
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
DataNucleus
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
DataNucleus
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test49.11.24.7failed26.91.2
Element Collection Test39.10.290.48failed19.80.29
Inheritance Test55.90.696.6failed31.20.69
Indexing Test0.0480.00086.4failed3.20.0008
Multithreading Testfailedfailedfailedfailedfailedfailed
All Tests36.00.554.5failed20.30.55

DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions). EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 6 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>Few EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 DataNucleus
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
DataNucleus
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
DataNucleus
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test2.1failed0.84failed1.5failed
Element Collection Test1.40.00160.64failed1.00.0016
Inheritance Test2.1failed1.2failed1.7failed
Indexing Test2.2failed1.5failed1.8failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test0.65failed0.20failed0.42failed
Multithreading Test0.46failedfailedfailed0.46failed
All Tests1.50.00160.87failed1.20.0016

DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions). EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>Few EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 DataNucleus
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
DataNucleus
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
DataNucleus
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test3.0failed1.3failed2.2failed
Element Collection Test1.00.00060.39failed0.690.0006
Inheritance Test2.8failed1.3failed2.1failed
Indexing Test5.4failed1.9failed3.7failed
Graph (Binary Tree) Test0.38failed0.37failed0.37failed
Multithreading Test13.8failedfailedfailed13.8failed
All Tests4.40.00061.1failed2.90.0006

DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions). EclipseLink with SQLite embedded has failed in 11 tests (see exceptions).

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval SizeFew EntitiesMany EntitiesAverage Score
 DataNucleus
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
DataNucleus
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
DataNucleus
PostgreSQL server
EclipseLink
SQLite embedded
Basic Person Test12.00.663.40.907.70.74
Element Collection Test8.60.0700.500.654.60.17
Inheritance Test13.20.384.20.828.70.53
Indexing Test3.00.0585.11.64.00.58
Graph (Binary Tree) Test1.10.243.40.912.30.57
Multithreading Test8.90.109.52.19.11.1
All Tests8.00.223.81.26.00.52

The results above show that in general DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded in performing JPA database operations. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.52) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (6.0) reveals that in these tests, DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is 11.5 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of EclipseLink with SQLite embedded database (0.070) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (8.6) reveals that in that case, DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server is 123 times faster than EclipseLink with SQLite embedded.

Other Head to Head DBMS/JPA Comparisons