Comparison of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server vs Hibernate with PostgreSQL server

Each of the following tables focuses on a specific database operation, where the last table presents average results comparison.

Speed comparison of JPA database persistence operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	4.1	7.1	2.6	3.4	3.3	5.2
Element Collection Test	0.91	2.9	0.38	1.7	0.64	2.3
Inheritance Test	3.8	7.0	2.4	3.6	3.1	5.3
Indexing Test	6.0	9.3	6.4	6.1	6.2	7.7
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.91	3.0	0.77	2.9	0.84	2.9
Multithreading Test	18.0	31.7	8.3	13.9	13.1	22.8
All Tests	5.6	10.2	3.5	5.3	4.5	7.7

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is more efficient than DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server in persisting JPA entity objects to the database.

A large performance gap has been detected when using JPA element collections with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (0.38) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (1.7) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 4.5 times faster than DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database retrieval operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	1.7	5.5	7.6	11.5	4.6	8.5
Element Collection Test	0.73	0.025	0.63	0.017	0.68	0.021
Inheritance Test	1.5	5.2	9.3	14.0	5.4	9.6
Indexing Test	1.5	4.6	9.2	13.3	5.3	8.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	2.6	0.61	12.3	0.78	7.4	0.70
Multithreading Test	3.4	11.3	10.8	17.0	7.1	14.2
All Tests	1.9	4.5	8.3	9.4	5.1	7.0

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is more efficient than DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server in retrieving JPA entity objects from the database.

A large performance gap has been detected when using class inheritance in the object model with small retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (1.5) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (5.2) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 3.5 times faster than DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server.

On the other hand, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using JPA element collections with large retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.017) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (0.63) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 37.1 times slower than DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database query operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Retrieval Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	49.1	55.5	4.7	6.1	26.9	30.8
Element Collection Test	39.1	11.0	0.48	0.016	19.8	5.5
Inheritance Test	55.9	52.3	6.6	8.7	31.2	30.5
Indexing Test	0.048	0.050	6.4	8.8	3.2	4.4
Multithreading Test	failed	55.2	failed	9.2	failed	32.2
All Tests	36.0	34.8	4.5	6.6	20.3	20.7

DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server has failed in 2 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slightly more efficient than DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server in executing the tested JPA queries.

On the other hand, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using JPA element collections with large retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.016) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (0.48) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 30.0 times slower than DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database update operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	2.1	5.3	0.84	2.7	1.5	4.0
Element Collection Test	1.4	0.067	0.64	0.026	1.0	0.046
Inheritance Test	2.1	5.4	1.2	3.8	1.7	4.6
Indexing Test	2.2	5.4	1.5	4.3	1.8	4.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.65	1.1	0.20	0.58	0.42	0.82
Multithreading Test	0.46	29.6	failed	6.3	0.46	18.0
All Tests	1.5	7.8	0.87	2.9	1.2	5.4

DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is much more efficient than DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server in updating JPA entity objects in the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (1.2) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (5.4) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 4.5 times faster than DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server.

A huge performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (0.46) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (29.6) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 64.3 times faster than DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server.

On the other hand, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using JPA element collections with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.026) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (0.64) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 24.6 times slower than DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server.

Speed comparison of JPA database removal operations (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction Size =>	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	3.0	5.3	1.3	4.2	2.2	4.8
Element Collection Test	1.0	0.020	0.39	stopped	0.69	0.0098
Inheritance Test	2.8	5.1	1.3	4.2	2.1	4.6
Indexing Test	5.4	9.5	1.9	6.3	3.7	7.9
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	0.38	0.012	0.37	0.012	0.37	0.012
Multithreading Test	13.8	23.3	failed	21.8	13.8	22.5
All Tests	4.4	7.2	1.1	6.1	2.9	6.6

DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server has failed in 1 tests (see exceptions).

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is more efficient than DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server in deleting JPA entity objects from the database. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (2.9) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (6.6) reveals that in these tests, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 2.3 times faster than DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server.

A large performance gap has been detected when using database indexes with large transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (1.9) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (6.3) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 3.3 times faster than DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server.

On the other hand, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using JPA element collections with small transaction size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (0.020) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (1.0) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 50.0 times slower than DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server.

Comparison of JPA/Database speed - the averages (normalized score, higher is better)

Transaction/Retrieval Size	Few Entities		Many Entities		Average Score
	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server	DataNucleus PostgreSQL server	Hibernate PostgreSQL server
Basic Person Test	12.0	15.7	3.4	5.6	7.7	10.7
Element Collection Test	8.6	2.8	0.50	0.35	4.6	1.6
Inheritance Test	13.2	15.0	4.2	6.9	8.7	10.9
Indexing Test	3.0	5.8	5.1	7.8	4.0	6.8
Graph (Binary Tree) Test	1.1	1.2	3.4	1.1	2.3	1.1
Multithreading Test	8.9	30.2	9.5	13.6	9.1	21.9
All Tests	8.0	12.1	3.8	6.0	6.0	9.1

The results above show that in general Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is more efficient than DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server in performing JPA database operations.

A large performance gap has been detected when using multithreading with small transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (8.9) to the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (30.2) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 3.4 times faster than DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server.

On the other hand, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is slower, for instance, when using graphs of objects with large transaction/retrieval size. Comparing the normalized speed of Hibernate with PostgreSQL database server (1.1) to the normalized speed of DataNucleus with PostgreSQL database server (3.4) reveals that in that case, Hibernate with PostgreSQL server is 3.1 times slower than DataNucleus with PostgreSQL server.

JPA Performance Benchmark (JPAB)